The Nexus of Trafficking, Cybercrime, and Conflict

Abstract

The nexus between trafficking, cybercrime, and conflict is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying socioeconomic, political, and technological factors. This study examines the causes perpetuating the exploitation of people due to social constructs, systemic inequalities, and policy gaps, while also analysing the legal gaps in definitions and systemic exclusions that facilitate vulnerability in trafficking. The digital economy has significantly impacted the landscape of cybercrime and human trafficking, creating a bidirectional relationship where cyberspace is utilised to generate trafficking victims, and trafficked individuals are coerced into participating in cyber-scams. This study highlights the evolving nature of these criminal activities, their adaptability to new technologies, and their potential to fuel armed conflicts. Comparative GDP analysis between conflict-prone and stable countries identifies the economic and social vulnerabilities that contribute to human trafficking. This study also examines the case of Laos and the rising cases of human trafficking and cyber slavery, emphasising the need for bilateral cooperation and proactive measures to dismantle trafficking networks. While demonstrating intent, existing legal frameworks in India have limitations in enforcement, necessitating an integrated approach to law enforcement. The study underscores the importance of rethinking development strategies to address the systemic roots of vulnerability and prioritise equity, intersectionality, and systemic change. Addressing human trafficking requires a paradigm shift that recognises the diversity of victims' experiences and addresses systemic policy gaps through comprehensive reforms and collaborative efforts at the national and international levels.