BRICS and the Quest for a Global Cybersecurity Framework: Implications for Defence Strategies in the Indo-Pacific

Abstract

This study explores the contributions of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) and the Quad (United States, India, Japan, Australia) in shaping the global cybersecurity framework, with a specific emphasis on the Indo-Pacific region. As the Indo-Pacific becomes increasingly vital for global trade and technological progress, it is also facing rising cybersecurity threats, such as state-sponsored cyberattacks, espionage, and attacks on critical infrastructure. Both BRICS and the Quad contribute to the development of global cybersecurity norms, but their approaches often differ. BRICS advocates for a multipolar, decentralised model that emphasises digital sovereignty, while the Quad supports a liberal, rules-based order. This research explores how these differing perspectives influence regional cybersecurity and defence strategies, with particular attention to India’s unique role in bridging both groups. It also identifies potential areas for collaboration, such as joint capacity building and tackling cybercrime, alongside competitive issues, especially between China and the US. The study considers the implications of these dynamics for Indo-Pacific defence, emphasising the need for cooperation between BRICS and the Quad to strengthen regional cyber resilience and stability. Recommendations include the creation of a BRICS-Quad cybersecurity forum and the promotion of transparent cyber norms to foster trust and develop effective defence strategies.